Write a restaurant proposal Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Write a restaurant - Research Proposal Example Therefore, the Thai restaurant seeks to apply a marketing strategy that is directly opposite to the other restaurants in the neighborhood, where only 30 clients will be served at a time. The Thai restaurant will precisely be located in a busy street location, on 95st and Lexington Ave on Upper East Side, New York City. The choice of the location is based on the fact that; it is a booming and rapidly expanding business area, with exquisite infrastructure and facilities that will complement the services offered by the restaurant. The restaurant will be offering the clients healthy and delicious Thai foods in a modern, casual, and relaxing atmosphere, but with a special touch of Asian cuisines to cater for the diversity of the restaurant products. Thai food and cuisines are recognized worldwide, and it is difficult to lack one or more restaurants serving Thai Foods and Cuisines in most of the renowned Western Countries cities, due to the popularity of the food, which is based on the harmony associated with it (Wiens, 2010). Thai foods have a combination of South East Asia cuisines and some from the western cultures, which are then blended to ensure that such cuisines form a characteristic food combination and diversity of its own (Olmsted, 2013). The idea of establish a Thai restaurant was motivated by other investors who have similar businesses interests, and with a relatively long period of experience in the business. In addition, the proposed restaurant has secured the services of a well experienced chief chef, who has over 10 years of experience in creating and preparing different blended Thai cuisines. From the many years of experience in this field, the investors are confident that the combination of a good location and the offer of authentic Thai cuisines will be a success factor for the business. Further, the business

First Gsc Cinema in Miri, Sarawak Essay Example for Free

First Gsc Cinema in Miri, Sarawak Essay Leading cinema operator, Golden Screen Cinemas (GSC) extends its reach to East Malaysia with the opening of its first cinema in Sarawak with the opening of GSC Bintang Megamall, Miri under the â€Å"GSC Lite† branding today. â€Å"The 8-screen GSC Bintang Megamall, Miri is the first GSC cinema to open with all- digital halls in the GSC chain, the first all-digital hall cinema in East Malaysia and will also offer the first digital 3D hall in Miri†, said Ms Koh Mei Lee, GSC Chief Executive Officer. â€Å"GSC plans to convert its existing halls to digital halls by 2014†, she added. Also present at the launch was Dato’ Professor (Dr) Lau Siu Wai (Executive Chairman, Miri Housing Group of Companies) and Mr Irving Chee (General Manager, GSC). For those who may not be so familiar, GSC Lite offers GSC’s cinema entertainment magic in a lighter, modest and more accessible manner to cater for markets like Miri, without sacrificing the effects of big screens and digital sound like those offered in GSC cinemas nationwide. The GSC Lite cinema concept was first introduced in Mentakab Star Mall (March 2012) followed by GSC Amanjaya Mall, Sg Petani (Nov 2012). Built at a cost of RM17.5 million, GSC Bintang Megamall Miri will be equipped with three (3) Digital 3D halls and will have a total seating capacity of 1,010 seats to cater to the Miri community and beyond. GSC also plans to open its second cinema in Sarawak a 10-screen GSC City One Mall, Kuching before the end of first quarter 2013, followed by a 10-screen GSC Palm Mall, Seremban (Quarter 2) and 11-screen GSC Nu Sentral, KL before year end. In 2014, GSC has already signed for GSC IOI City Mall, Putrajaya and GSC Aman Central, Kedah. GSC Bintang Megamall also provides online ticketing facility (GSC e-payment) for both internet and mobile purchases (Mobile app iPhone and Android) and offers the convenience to movie goers .This includes the SelfPrint service and auto-gate features to ensure that GSC’s valued customers will enjoy every bit of great cinema going experience GSC has to offer. In conjunction with the new cinema opening, GSC Bintang Megamall customers will also enjoy a complimentary â€Å"Wizard of Oz† multi-purpose pouch with each purchase of GSC Combo 3 (while stocks last). GSC patrons here will be further rewarded with 1,000 â€Å"Buy 2 Free 1† vouchers with every two tickets purchased at GSC Bintang Megamall ticketing counter. For the opening weekend, there will be special movie character and clown appearances, balloon giveaway, movie themed block puzzle games and electronic games. With GSC Bintang Megamall, GSC currently (as at Feb 7, 2013) has a total of 27 cinemas, 228 screens out of which 93 are digital screens, total 41,456 seating capacity nationwide (including wheelchair spaces). GSC will go fully digital by 2014.

Essay example --

The Gathering Storm In 1939 Sep 1st Germans thrust into Poland and defeated them fairly easy. 20 years earlier, their forefathers have also been on the march, but back into their land as they have been defeated in Nov 1918 after 4 years of World War 1. Germany’s Emperor Kaiser Wilhelm had been forced to quit, as his armies were being defeated and his people faced starvation. But already a dangerous myth was taking on the Germans. They claimed they have not been defeated at battle, but betrayed by their politicians. Even so at 11AM Nov 11, 1918 WWI ended. The following months President Wilson came to Europe, promising to create a new world order, he created a new league of nations. They agreed that dispute between countries will be done with debate, and not war. The Germans were set free and the Austria-Hungry Empire was gone and they created new countries Austria, Poland, Hungry and more, Germany was reduced greatly in size. But this process was a time bomb, and one day the desire to reunite these countries will hunt Europe. The war was very hard on the German people, and they must pay 6.5 billion pounds to France and Great Britain. This was something they could not afford. When Wilson came back to America his league fell, after as the US Congress said they could afford being sucked into a new war, and refused to join his league and the US withdrew. German became a democracy, and street battles started to rise between communist and nationalist. In 1923 the country was devastated by hyperinflation which reached 100 percent. A huge amount of peoples saving were wiped out. This was ground for a new wing of political parties, among them was Hitler and his fiery words let him be in charge of the Nazi’s. The Nazis tried to strike ... ...limbo. After a few days England sends a message to Poland saying they should negotiate but they are not expected to make any deal with Germany. On Aug 30th Hitler makes his final offer to Poland, as he demands unification of Danzig to the German Reich. Hitler also demands referendums of the land connecting Berlin to Danzig. The Polish government does not except any of Hitler deals. In the afternoon of Aug 31st 1939, 10 days conclud with no deal what so ever. When the poles do not except any negotiation, Hitler give his order for attack, on the next morning. On Sep 1st 1939 the German army lines up for battle against Poland. Hitler gives a speech stating, â€Å"I have come to the decision to talk to the Poles in the same way they have spoken to us. As of 545 hours today we are fighting back. From now on every bomb will be repaid with a bomb†, and thus the war have begun.

Essay --

Impact of oil prices on world economy 1. Increased financial indebtedness of oil importing nations due to constant rise in oil prices Oil importing countries budget primarily comprise of oil cost which increases the indebtedness of these countries towards oil producing nations. The prolonged indebtedness may give rise to insolvency of these counties in long term. 2.Increase in oil price has a direct impact on both micro- and macro economics of oil importing countries. Oil price increases are generally linked to increase in inflation and reduce economic growth. Increase in oil prices increases the cost of supply chain. This causes the inward shift in aggregate supply curve and hence the price level goes up. The fluctuations in oil price leads to speculation in the market. This is also a major reason for short term price rise of the commodities in a country. Apart from the direct impact, the indirect impact could be the price rise of commodities which use oil as their input in some form or other. Increasing oil prices in oil consuming nations reduces the purchasing power an...

Film versions of Romeo and Juliet Essay

My aim of this essay is to compare the two versions of Romeo and Juliet that are directed by Baz Lehrman and Franco Zeffirelli. Lehrman set his in modern times with modern clothing and buildings. He still uses early modern English but with some lines changed, so the modern audience can understand the story a little easier. It was created in 1996. It is given a Miami beach setting with loud music and super-artsy sets, reviewers said â€Å"Natural born killers meet Stratford-Upon-Avon, a kind of Shakespeare MTV†. This version definitely helped younger people with the understanding of the play, and to appreciate the works of Shakespeare, simply because Lehrman could keep to the main basis of the story, yet modernise it to suit these recent times, and keep the audience interested throughout the whole of the film. It was certified as a twelve. Zeffireli’s version is set in Elizabethan times in Italy. At the time that this film was created it was the first version of Romeo and Juliet where the two main characters were played by actual teenagers (seventeen and fifteen). He created the latest action, humour and romantic film version of Romeo and Juliet yet. It was shot in Italy in three main cities of Tuscany, Umbria, and Lazio, but all the scenes of riot and duelling were shot in Gubbio. It was certified as PG. Both of the opening scenes begin with the famous chorus â€Å"Two households both alike in dignity†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This gives you a basic outline of the story although it isn’t clear. Zeffirelli had a male voice talking with the same tone of voice throughout it, it was a fairly plain tone but had the hint of sadness as well. On the screen all you can see is a border surrounding the town at the edge of the screen in orange and yellow swirls giving it an ornament look. There is a birds eye view moving across the town then through it, the camera moves very slowly and appears almost like an introduction to the town and gives a sense of romance and anger. The romance because of when the shot is in the town centre it pivots towards the sun it makes you think of happiness and love. Anger, because of the mist right at the beginning and the dark shadows of the walls when the camera goes down fairly dark alleyways. There is folky and old aged music throughout it, this gives you a head start in knowing there will be old fashioned buildings and costume, this creates an image of the Shakespearian times and recall over the whole story of Romeo and Juliet. Lehrman begins with a television set and a pitch black background with the T.V screen fuzzy at first then with someone channel hopping giving you the directors name an the production team name. It is completely silent with only the sounds of the remote control flicking over the channels. Then there is a newscaster announcing the news/story of Romeo and Juliet’s death. She is reading the chorus which is read at the beginning of Franco Zeffireli’s version. As she is talking the camera very slowly zooms into the screen. Then just as she reads the last line the camera zooms in very quickly into the blue background on the T.V screen. Then very loud opera music is played. This gives you a sense of danger maybe violence, the camera zooms down a long road through the town, I think this might have been influenced by the last line â€Å"Is now the two hours’ traffic of our stage† as the word â€Å"traffic† stands out. Then there are flashes of the scenes throughout the movie mainly of violence. The chorus is repeated this time by a male voice. There are pictures of newspaper articles and main words like â€Å"Two star crossed lovers take their life† this is to point out main themes of the story. There is also displays of the white dove and sacred heart labelling Catholicism. The party scene in Zeffireli’s in some ways is different but also similar to that in Lehrman’s, like when the pair talk to each other there is a solo being sung in the background or on-stage both romantic songs to set the scene for when the pair fall in love. In Lehrman’s you have the vision of Romeo who is on drugs, so there is a lot of spinning camera work to show the works of ecstasy also it changes from one thing to another like when Romeo is talking to Lord Capulet then the next moment he sees him singing also the appearance of Mercutio singing and dancing. Later he is looking into the fish tank and there he sees Juliet on the other side of it. He instantly takes an interest in her beauty and follows her over. Then Juliet dances with Paris but keeps an eye out for Romeo. When the dance is over there is a huge celebration when Romeo grabs Juliet’s hand and they begin to talk then the camera shows what Juliet is seeing when Paris turns around ands laughs. Later when they are in the lift together the camera slowly moves around them whilst they kiss to get all sides of them both, it does this about two times I think they do this because its such a passionate moment that Lehrman wanted to make it last as long as possible. In fact its done twice once when they get in the lift and then again when they run out of the lift then back in. When the nurse comes to get Juliet she gives Romeo an evil look, which he doesn’t understand at first until he realises that she is Capulet, the music quietens and the camera holds long time shots at both their faces also when Juliet finds out Romeo’s a Montague, this creates a lot tension. In Zeffirellis he chose to get Romeo to see Juliet before she sees him whilst she is dancing. Soon Juliet spots him and she takes an interest. Zeffirelli chose to get them to meet through a dance called the moreska. Here they dance together they don’t actually talk but you can see in their faces they begin to fancy each other. At this section just like in Lehrmans there is a lot of spinning camera work especially when there are two circles dancing it shows flashes of Lord Capulet, Romeo, Juliet, and of the entire room which they are in. When it finishes a soloist comes on stage and every one creates a circle round him, Romeo and Juliet try to find each other and when they do Romeo grabs her hand and talks to her. Later they kiss and the camera pauses on them whilst there is no singing in the music this makes it fairly romantic but I think it would have been a bit better if the camera looked up and down them to show they are really falling in-love. When the nurse takes Juliet away she asks the nurse to find out who Romeo is. Also Romeo finds that Juliet is a Capulet here, as well as Juliet finding out that he is a Montague. Both directors chose to hold the camera on the couples first kiss. I think they chose this because it really creates a romantic atmosphere this helps people to see the passion between each other. Also they chose to get Romeo to grab Juliet’s hand from behind a column, this makes him appear like the no fear type, the type who are not scared to jump into things like here he instantly tries to impress her with â€Å"holy palmers kiss†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . This keeps up Romeos personality on what he does for love, like at the end killing himself for Juliet.

Reflective Placement Log Report †International Coffee Organisation (ICO) The WritePass Journal

Reflective Placement Log Report – International Coffee Organisation (ICO) Introduction Reflective Placement Log Report – International Coffee Organisation (ICO) . 2013. Mission. Accessed: ico.org/mission07_e.asp?section=About_Us. Last Accessed: 20/11/2013. Phillips C. Burbules N.C., (2000). Postpositivism and Educational Research. UK. Rowman Littlefield Publishers. ISBN-10: 0847691225

Formal lab report on ionic and covalent compounds Essay Example

Formal lab report on ionic and covalent compounds Essay Example Formal lab report on ionic and covalent compounds Paper Formal lab report on ionic and covalent compounds Paper This experiment was divided in four steps to find the electrical conductivity of covalent and ionic solutions. There were four unknown solutes A, B and C. Each had a specific weight and was dissolved in a certain amount of solute to form either the covalent or ionic solution. Covalent compounds are made up of molecules which are electrically neutral. Ionic compounds are composed of ions, which are positively or negatively charged. Therefore an electric current can be conducted by solutions containing charged particles. Ionic compounds conduct electricity and covalent compounds do not. Once ready the unknown solutions a certain amount of them was placed in four labeled beakers. The conductivity of each was measured with an apparatus containing a light bulb which was plugged in a 110 volt outlet. The ionic compound solutions A C results were bright light, D solution result was dim light. Solution B was a covalent compound which result was no light. The results showed which solutions conducted electricity. Introduction: The purpose of the experiment was to determine the electrical conductivity of the unknown solutions and whether they were formed of ionic or covalent compounds. The solutions were careful made and each was tested with a conductivity apparatus. Purpose: Solutes A, B, C and D were weighted to the amounts indicated. There was a certain amount of solvent for each which also was indicated. Each became a solution formed of either ionic or covalent compounds; they had its unique color. The solutions were labeled to avoid any confusion. : Discussion and Conclusion: the results of the conductivity test showed of what type of compound the solutions were made of. The solutions made out of ionic compound resulted in light because ionic compounds are charged which mean they conduct electricity in the other hand the covalent compounds did not give any light as a result because they are neutral which means they dont conduct electricity.

Organizations as Organisms

Organizations as Organisms Free Online Research Papers Organizations are not just a working machine that functions for its own benefit without regard to the environment, but should be viewed as living systems that are comprised of smaller units that work inter-dependently to create a whole organism, or in other words, an organization. The military and the orchestra are two examples of distinct entities that can be viewed as an â€Å"open system† that is distinctive in that in order to survive, it must depend on its environment and interact with its own sub systems or units in order to survive. Sub units can be seen as aspects of an organization that contribute to its working parts. When looking to the environment for survival, resources that are deemed necessary, such as money, people, or the community, we see this as an open system since an organization’s interactions with its sub units will depend on its survival. This paper intends to provide that organizations, such as the military and the orchestra are different organi zation, but relate in that they can relate as a living system and both depend on its environment for survival while at the same time prove its distinct difference prove productive on how they obtain their needed resources. The military is considered a basic-economic system, an â€Å"Eco system† comprised of different basic units with its own labor source that works towards the overall goal of creating a military â€Å"aggregate soldier† that can exceed the addition of all subunits to create a bigger entity that impacts the world. The military is a unique organism but at the same time, its size and force can work against it. The military unit is a continuous force of input and output that drives on the economic resources it needs to produce its domestic product, a ready military force. This constant need can sometimes create a burden because our society allows a voluntary source; by creating a constitutional duty that is seen vital, the military mandates a period of time for people to serve to help produce that economic resource. The military relies on the external economic environment to provide resources to create its domestic product and depending upon the stability of the environm ent, the military’s performance may be hindered due to reduce combat capability as well as the member’s personal consumer society. In order for the military to be a true productive force, the ingrained economic laws in which society follow that govern life and activity are used by each unit to determine the effectiveness each subunit can provide. Labor efficiency is done by upgrading logistical and technical equipment capability, ensuring every member is qualified, raising economic awareness to reduce waste, fostering cohesion and teamwork, as well as investigating other national and foreign units to develop a cohesive, economically sound team (Federov, 2001). Like the military, the orchestra can also be system a similar organism with subunits that comprise the unit as a whole. It has complex interdependent subsystems that cause the orchestra to rely on its economic environment for its survival. An orchestra runs like an organization in terms distinct job function boundaries, the orchestra itself, staff, board members, and volunteers. These systems may be broken down further by departments within each job function. The orchestra relies heavily on the external environment for income through ticket sales and contributions to support the orchestra’s â€Å"personnel intensive† asset needs. To help the support the orchestra, marketing advertises concerts to generate income as well through record sales. To promote the environment’s love for music, members are reaching out to their community with music education in hopes that the community will provide inputs. Another issue is not in the form of economic need, but a pers on’s quality of life that music brings. It is an intangible asset to consider in terms of the impact on the community, the community’s economy and the value added. Measuring an intangible asset is hard, but looking at the community as a whole and the stability of an orchestra’s economic input-process-output stability can give a better indication Roelofs, 2005). The military and an orchestra are similar in terms of a living system in that they both have relationships with its smaller units and is an integrated whole. The military is a single whole process where each military member creates a unit that in turn produces a systemic effect. These individual units build and each section produces an effect that when in combination, creates a military force that can create a large labor force in a limited space. Relationships are formed through cohesiveness, a common sense of duty, and an understanding of economic expectation of labor outputs. The orchestra also consists of systems and subsystems that work to create the orchestra as a whole. Subsystems consist of board members that work to obtain contributions for the orchestra, staff, volunteers, and the musicians themselves. Both the military and the orchestra are seen as a whole unit as the military impacts the entire globe. The military combat warring nations to protect communities and ser ve as ambassadors to other nations to build friendships and strengthen units to ensure longevity. The orchestra work to provide music to communities to build a sense of pride and unity and establish themselves with people. Every system has its autonomy and function; managers work through systematic processes within its own logic and how the organization reacts to situations. By treating organizations as a living system, managers cooperate and try to build partnership for sustainability (Capra, 1996). Looking at an orchestra and the military in terms of a systems approach, there are some important differences in the way it functions for the environment. Both parties function in that they each are developed through sub units with its own interdepartmental system and how they work to support the overall whole unit, but one can look at the orchestra as its own subunit of the organization whereas the military is still just considered the whole of an organization. With an orchestra, one can be found in almost every community and each one works to support itself to provide music to the community and the various programs it provides. Each organization may run a little differently, budgets and contributions will vary and each orchestra’s depth will vary; its output will be based on what their own individual organization wants to deliver. With the military, the sub units as a whole works towards a common goal set by the organization. Its living systems are predetermined on how they will exist and to what function. The goal is a two-fold process, how do we become the best technologically and maintain the skill set needed through the economic boundaries set forth and how do we create a sustaining mindset within thousands of individuals to understand we are a living system as one? Each organization is common in that they require an open system of resources for sustenance but each is different in their output. All things can be considered living systems, take TUIU for example. TUIU can be looked at as a whole unit because it is a university organization with different subunits that make up the sum of the whole part. Like a human body, students are like cells that create different organs and tissue. The tissue can be seen as the classes offered to the cells, like food to exist within the subunit. The organs are each department of the university that takes in all the cells and refers it to various parts for answers and needed functions. The whole university functions as the brain, which needs all parts to help function. TUIU becomes a social system when students come together for a common purpose and have mutual interaction and focuses on the basic principles of what they are trying to accomplish. If students fail to interact, processes begin to dissect. As we discussed living systems in comparison to the orchestra and the military, how could we put this in terms for a new organizational member? An organization is considered a living system when you look at the autonomy each department has is accomplishing the processes to reach goals. Managers take in the logic and emotions of the organization’s mission and implement ways to influence its employees to create ways to make processes better, faster, and cheaper as a way to empower them and be committed to the organization by cultivating what is important to them (Capra,1996). Even though many see an organization as a living system, how can we relate it to a machine? Organizations are a relationship that persists over time, as does a well-running machine. Members that work machines (inter-departments) must anticipate changes that a machine may need as the environment changes since information is the food that drives it. The levers (people) take signals from the environment and bring the data forward to modify the organization’s actions. For example, your organization is marketing a new shoe. You decide to do a marketing analysis through random cities that are selling the shoe (feedback loop) and your levers (people in the organization) are providing the feedback signals to the machine (inter-departments) to determine the changes needed to modify in relation to the change in environment to market new changes to the shoe (Flower, 1995). The military and the orchestra are but two examples on how anyone can break down an organization in a living system, a whole unit with sub units that relate and interconnect in order to support being a whole unit. The wholeness of a unit comes from its social system, the community or ecosystems. The military is unique in that it survives not only on the technology and economic resources it is given, but the global need for protection and people who feels it’s their constitutional duty to serve those people. The orchestra is also unique in that its survival completely rest on their community. Music is a way to bring communities together but its resources must come from those same people to survive; inter-departments work together in order to support the orchestra as a whole. Another concept viewed is how an organization or an organism can function as a machine. The environment acts as the feedback loop and uses the organization’s levers to provide signal for change. The environment is the driver of change and organisms, us, must learn from our past in order to adapt to the changing environment and function as a whole unit. References Capra, F. (N.D.) Living Systems. The Light Party. Retrieved May 18, 2009, from lightparty.com/Visionary/LivingSystems.html Fedorov, G.S. (2001) The Military Unit as Part of the Armed Forces Economic System . Military Thought . July. Retrieved May 18, 2009, from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0JAP/is_4_10/ai_78839805/ Flower, J. (1995) The Structure Of Organized Change: A conversation with Kevin Kelly. The Healthcare Forum Journal, vol. 38, no. 1, January/February 1995. Retrieved May 18, 2009, from well.com/user/bbear/kellyart.html Roelofs, L. (N.D.) Organizational Change: Open System Concepts. Symphony Orchestra Institute. Retrieved May 18, 2009, from soi.org/reading/change/concepts.shtml Research Papers on Organizations as OrganismsOpen Architechture a white paperBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfGenetic EngineeringAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeDefinition of Export QuotasIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalThe Project Managment Office SystemInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2

Data Envelopment Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Data Envelopment Analysis - Essay Example This paper would use the DEA method to measure the technical allocative efficiency. IT start-ups in China in particular and the rest of the world in general are faced with the same problem of initiating DEA methods to measure effectiveness of resource allocation processes and related outcomes. For instance according to Xu and Zhang (2008) the optimum resource input-output ratios are regarded as the best indicators of efficient resource allocation processes in the IT start-up firms that depend on strategic resource utilization and mobility between sectors to achieve positive organizational outcomes. Gomes, de Mello and Meza (2008) use a hybrid approach based on DEA efficiency measurement thus highlighting the importance of large discreet resource allocation processes. This is a paradigm shift from the non-discreet statistical processes that were previously adopted by researchers to measure the optimum resource input-output ratios. In addition to these DEA methods there are other more advanced DEA models. Among them the most popular two models are known as the CCR model and the BCC model. CCR has been named after its three discoverers Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes (1978) while BCC has been named after its discoverers Banker, Charnes and Cooper (1984). ... The significance of each Decision Making Unit (DMU) in the resource allocation process is emphasized by the two models.However CCR makes the assumption that each DMU is capable of operating only at constant returns to scale while BCC assumes that there are variable returns to scale. This paper would use these two models for the analysis of the resource allocation efficiency in IT start-up firms (Graaf & Washida, 2006). Though the paper would basically focus attention on Chinese IT firms there would be some analytical perspectives on other IT firms in the rest of the world as well. Actually this dichotomy between the two models has led to internal conflicts within firms as to which model has more merits than the other (Kaynak & Karakaya, 1994).The DMU consists of personnel who are Human Resource Management (HRM) specialists and production engineers and therefore are expected to work out the best or most efficient resource allocation process so that output would be maximized and cost m inimized (Davenport, 1999). The current literature on the subject actually generalizes the impact of this conflict on the DMU's own efficiency and impartiality. This outcome is further worsened by the fact that individual decision makers are much less inclined to coordinate efforts at each level of decision making though such decisions weigh heavily on the final organizational outcomes (Phillips, 2005).The negotiation process between and among the members of the DMU of each organization such as the new IT firm in China can be more specifically referred to as a culture-specific ritual in which rules are openly flouted in order to preserve one's own interests (Pour, 2006). In fact IT industry analysts and experts agree that attitudes and

Research a women's health condition and interview someone that has Essay

Research a women's health condition and interview someone that has personally faced this issue - Essay Example By far the most common form of cystitis is known as Bacterial Cystitis. About 20-40% of women will suffer from bacterial cystitis in their lifetimes. 1 Interstitial cystitis ( IC) is caused by a trauma to the bladder, the exact causes are not known but; Some IC patients reported that their symptoms began after a traumatic event, such as a fall, car accident, pelvic surgery (i.e. hysterectomy or ovarian cyst removal), childbirth or chemical exposure in a swimming pool.   Others believed that their IC began after a severe UTI or as a result of another medical condition, such as fibromyalgia. Some patients thought that their excessive drinking of sodas (diet & regular sodas), c coffees and/or alcohol was the cause of their IC. The common factor in all of these events is their potential for irritating the bladder wall. ( Interstitial Cystitis Network) Other types of cystitis which less common are known as eosinophilic cystitis ( caused by the appearance of a large number of bacteria called ecosinophils) ,radiation cystitis ( found in patients with cancer) and hemorrhagic cystitis. For all types of cystitis the symptons are generally the same, frequent and painful urination, cloudy and foul smelling urine and pain in the lower back and kidney area. Taking a urine test will show the appearance of blood in the urine and the presecene of white or red blood cell to combating the infection. If cystitis is left untreated or worsens it can lead to a number of complications including kidney infections and renal failure. This assignment deals with treating the more common Bacterial Cystitis. In the majority of cases the condition can be successfully treated at home and the symptoms will clear up within 2-3 days. Home treatments include drinking lots of fluids including cranberry juice. For fast and effective pain relief taking one teaspoon of bio-carbonate of soda in a class of water or buying over

MANAGING INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ENVIRONMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

MANAGING INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ENVIRONMENT - Essay Example The civil law system is based on a detailed set of legal codes and is adopted in many countries including Japan, France, Germany, among other countries. There is less flexibility in the application of the law because, unlike in the case of the common law system, the judge is limited to applying the provisions of the law as embodied in written codes. It must be noted, however, that the decisions of the courts form part of the jurisprudence of these countries and are also applied in the individual cases brought before the court. The Islamic law system is the most widely applied legal system of theocratic law in the world, and governs nearly all aspects of life in Islamic countries. Its application to business is most commonly known to be in the realm of lending where interest is considered illegal land outlawed by the Koran. The exporter must come to grips with evolving and designing contracts applicable to his commercial situation. Where common law prevails, contracts have to be very detailed with all contingencies spelled out because no written codes can be referenced. However, in civil law systems, contracts can be shorter because many issues covered in such contracts are already covered in the civil code. The exporter has to be sensitive to the differences of legal systems in countries where he exports his goods because in case of a contract dispute, the strength of his position in court can be affected depending on the legal system that obtains. Where international trade transactions result in a dispute, the question raised is always that of which countrys laws apply. For some countries the issue has been resolved with the establishment of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG), which was adopted in 1980 by ll countries, including the United States, and took effect in 1988. The CISG establishes a

Economic Issues in 20th century Latin America Essay

Economic Issues in 20th century Latin America - Essay Example The economy of such countries as Chile, Mexico, Argentina and Peru is now much more open than before. Even in Brazil, where the resistance to market reforms continued in the 90 years, government policy as a whole turned in the direction of foreign trade liberalization and privatization. The changes in both spheres – political and economical – were rather difficult for the countries. In contrast to the predictions of many analysts new democratic regimes have proven to be viable even in a severe economic crisis. Ultimately, most of them show the ability to implement difficult but much-needed market reforms. Now the countries of Latin America are facing new, more complex tasks, which differ from the previous problems at least in two important aspects. First of all, conditions of policy have changed. In the past reformers were opposed by supporters of import-replacing model and the dominant role of the state. Before government did not pay so much attention to the problems o f private investment, market competition, and prudent macroeconomic policies. Now the debate is centered on the extent of state support to private sector and focus on the issues like distribution and the actual economic growth. There are the disputes around the economic policy which closely related to the changing nature of policy challenges facing the young democracies of Latin America. The task of overthrowing the military dictatorship and preventing the return to authoritarian rule gave way to the issues of efficiency and accountability of the elected governments. The results of these political challenges impact on the issues of economic growth and property. Economic overview and challenges The neoliberal reforms of 80-90-ies have been repeatedly criticized and continue to cause controversy today. The incentives for economic growth, which are created by market-oriented policies, derive from several sources. In the context of economic globalization, external financing is crucial f or the balance of payments in all countries. In Latin America, as in other developing countries, governments in most cases are aware of the importance of maintaining the confidence of private investors and institutions like the IMF and World Bank. The significance of these goals is well demonstrated by the Mexican peso crisis. In 80-ies a typical reaction to these events was to limit imports and capital movements, in the mid-90'ies answer to the crisis was the deepening of liberal reforms. The past experience has also demonstrated how important it is to maintain continuity of policy. Export-oriented East Asian countries have successfully emerged from the debt crisis, which sharply contrasted with the profound failure of the political experiments in Brazil, Argentina and Peru. The lessons of this experience are still being discussed, but already had a consensus on the need for a cautious approach to macroeconomic policy (Frieden, 2000). Finally, the probability of the direct cancella tion of the results of past reforms is limited by internal factors. In countries such as Chile and Mexico, the political influence of export-oriented business provides a powerful motivation for the continuity of policies. Moreover, the successful stabilization programs have gained wide popularity among lower-income groups, which particularly were affected by high inflation. Thus, although the opposition argue for more vigorous measures to

Share Price Prediction and Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Share Price Prediction and Analysis - Essay Example The following is a critical review of such literature. In addition, the discussion applies a synthesis of two approaches/models identified to predict the share prices for Tesco Plc from the publications of the firm’s financial statements for 2008 and 2009. Lastly, this discussion attempts to test the approach by comparing these two sets of predictions with actual share prices. A concluding remark, which comments on the results, winds up the paper. Approaches/Models for Predicting Share Prices In short-term or medium-term, different models or approaches are used in predicting the future prices of shares of various companies. Share prices of companies may take different forms such as linear, horizontal, cyclic, or seasonal as influenced by prevailing market and environmental factors (Hassan, et al., 2007). Due to lack of prediction methods that provide least prediction error, investors tend to apply numerous methods thereby comparing their results in a bid to finding the best mo del or approach to use (Chen, et al., 2003). ... Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is a share price prediction method that is commonly used. For many years, ANN has been developed and restructured in order to provide efficient and effective performances on predicting share prices of firms in a stock exchange for purposes of investment (Tom, et al, 2000). Nonetheless, most predictors used single dosage of ANN (Kim and Shin, 2007). Application of single dosage in predicting share prices rarely provides an opportunity to discover the decision rule that the model uses while making the predictions (Hassan, et al, 2007). Artificial Neural Network is a share price prediction model or approach, which is created through stimulation of biological central nervous system of investors or predictors (Swales and Yoon, 2002). One of the reasons explaining its extensive application is the ability to predict share prices from large databases (Olson and Mossman, 2003). The idea of back-propagation algorithm is the basis of Artificial Neural Network in predicting share prices of firms. ANN back propagation function is usually represented by the following function: Where, xi is the sum of inputs, which is multiplied by their respective weights wji; Aj is the predicted share value under the ANN model; and n is the end period in which the valuation is carried out. Decision tree (DT) model on the other hand is a data mining model or approach used in predicting or forecasting share prices within a stock exchange market. One of the reasons for its extensive application is the fact that DT has an excellent ability and capability of describing cause as well as effect relationships of various stock prices. From the concepts or application of DT, investors are

Economic Issues in 20th century Latin America Essay

Economic Issues in 20th century Latin America - Essay Example The economy of such countries as Chile, Mexico, Argentina and Peru is now much more open than before. Even in Brazil, where the resistance to market reforms continued in the 90 years, government policy as a whole turned in the direction of foreign trade liberalization and privatization. The changes in both spheres – political and economical – were rather difficult for the countries. In contrast to the predictions of many analysts new democratic regimes have proven to be viable even in a severe economic crisis. Ultimately, most of them show the ability to implement difficult but much-needed market reforms. Now the countries of Latin America are facing new, more complex tasks, which differ from the previous problems at least in two important aspects. First of all, conditions of policy have changed. In the past reformers were opposed by supporters of import-replacing model and the dominant role of the state. Before government did not pay so much attention to the problems o f private investment, market competition, and prudent macroeconomic policies. Now the debate is centered on the extent of state support to private sector and focus on the issues like distribution and the actual economic growth. There are the disputes around the economic policy which closely related to the changing nature of policy challenges facing the young democracies of Latin America. The task of overthrowing the military dictatorship and preventing the return to authoritarian rule gave way to the issues of efficiency and accountability of the elected governments. The results of these political challenges impact on the issues of economic growth and property. Economic overview and challenges The neoliberal reforms of 80-90-ies have been repeatedly criticized and continue to cause controversy today. The incentives for economic growth, which are created by market-oriented policies, derive from several sources. In the context of economic globalization, external financing is crucial f or the balance of payments in all countries. In Latin America, as in other developing countries, governments in most cases are aware of the importance of maintaining the confidence of private investors and institutions like the IMF and World Bank. The significance of these goals is well demonstrated by the Mexican peso crisis. In 80-ies a typical reaction to these events was to limit imports and capital movements, in the mid-90'ies answer to the crisis was the deepening of liberal reforms. The past experience has also demonstrated how important it is to maintain continuity of policy. Export-oriented East Asian countries have successfully emerged from the debt crisis, which sharply contrasted with the profound failure of the political experiments in Brazil, Argentina and Peru. The lessons of this experience are still being discussed, but already had a consensus on the need for a cautious approach to macroeconomic policy (Frieden, 2000). Finally, the probability of the direct cancella tion of the results of past reforms is limited by internal factors. In countries such as Chile and Mexico, the political influence of export-oriented business provides a powerful motivation for the continuity of policies. Moreover, the successful stabilization programs have gained wide popularity among lower-income groups, which particularly were affected by high inflation. Thus, although the opposition argue for more vigorous measures to

Principles of Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Principles of Finance - Essay Example Together, they help promote stability and balance in the behavior of governments and financial institutions through surveillance, financial, and technical assistance. Based on the summary in Table 1, $282.978 trillion was raised in Japan, the U.K., and the U.S. from 2001 to 2006 from IPOs, debt offerings, and mergers and acquisition activities throughout the world. Of this, the U.S. accounted for 26%, while the U.K. had 9.7% and Japan only 2.3%. The declines from 2001 to 2003 resulted from the dotcom bubble explosion and corporate scandals in the late 1990s until 2001, affecting investor confidence and the ability of firms to raise funds. However, the increasing amounts since then signify a steady recovery that continues to hold. The U.K. issues more equity than either the U.S. or Japan, the U.S. issues more debt securities than the other two countries and that in these three countries debt issues are greater than equity issues by an overwhelming factor of almost 280-to-1. What could explain these findings Figures 1 and 2 (IMF, 2006; BIS, 2006) show that most debt issues are from corporations, and that Japanese (101.7% debt-to-equity) and European (69.6% debt-to-equity) corporations have more debt than U.S. companies (43.1% debt-to-equity). This explains why Japan and the U.K. issued lower amounts of debt compared to the U.S. during the period. Second, debt yields are lower in Japan compared to the U.S. and the U.K., and while equity yields are higher in the U.S. than in the U.K. and Japan, debt returns (5 to 11%) are higher than equity returns (-33% to almost 0%) in all three countries, and interest rates are declining. This means debt is more attractive to issuers and investors than equities. For investors, debt returns are higher, so they would rather lend their funds. For companies, debt is also cheaper since the trend for interest rates is flat to declining. Therefore, investors and corporations both prefer debt over equity. Q2: Vodafone plc Case Analysis Vodafone plc (2006: 2-3) is a London-based telecommunications company with total turnover of 29.4 billion, assets of 127 billion, and over 170 million customers worldwide, making it the biggest telecoms firm in the world. With debt of 20.1 billion and stockholders' equity of 86.9 billion, it has a debt-to-equity ratio of 23%. Net debt is 17.3 billion after taking out cash and cash equivalents. Vodafone raises funds in various currencies by issuing debt securities because it has a good financial network in London, the world's financial center. The company's policy (Vodafone, 2006: 41) is to maintain the currency of debt and interest charges in proportion with expected future principal multi-currency cashflows, which explains why 113% of its net debt is in currencies other than sterling: 73% of debt is in Euro, 21% in Yen, 14% in US Dollars, and 5% in other

Frederick C Hamilton Essay Example for Free

Frederick C Hamilton Essay The architectural sculptured layout of the Fredrick C Hamilton building is on display at Denver Art Museum. The actual building, named after the CEO of the Petroleum company is near completion. Frederick C Hamilton post modern style designed building is a dome, shell shaped architect, comparable to the Sydney Opera House. (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Architecture) The outside Hamilton building structure is designed using patterns from the expressionism art era. The post modern design is very simplistic, without many intricate details. Anyone viewing the attractive building would be curiously drawn to the building. The Frederick C Hamilton building serves as the main entrance to popular culture and art areas. It is the only dome shaped building in the area, surrounded by buildings with pattern designs from the Renaissance and Romantic art eras. Once inside the building, the person feels transported in totally different planet. The glass ceilings, and skylights allows the sun to shine through, into the building. The creative designed structures portrays a very pleasant atmosphere to everyone entering it. (http://www. designbuild-network. com/projects/dam/) The designer of this coned, alien shaped 350,000 sq ft building is Daniel Libeskined, whom also designed the World Trade Center after the attack. The Frederick C Hamilton building will hold nearly one thousand parking spaces. The construction materials used for the building are titanium, steel, and concrete. The creativity behind the amazing designs centering around romantic style buildings requires real genius imagination.

Build To Order Supply Chain Management Commerce Essay

Build To Order Supply Chain Management Commerce Essay Build-to-order Supply Chain (BOSC) is viewed by many researchers as an effective way to achieve high customer value because BOSC can fulfil an individual or a group of customers orders while maintaining low cost, cutting inventory cost, eliminating waste, and achieving short response time through flexible manufacturing and integrated logistics. BOSC is needed to support mass customization, which is the ability to make high variety and low cost products and deliver them quickly to meet the diverging needs of customers. Mass customization can be achieved by implementing modularity-based manufacturing practices, postponing production steps that determine product features and performances, and applying IT to coordinate actions and speed up final production and delivery. BOSC also emphasizes the importance of partnership with suppliers and customers, web-based technologies, and rapid transport and delivery. This research aims at the study of factors that affect built-to-order supply chain and the issues related to BOSC and what stops an organization to implement BOSC in their organization. Introduction Background Developing trends in international arena has forced many global firms to revisit their operations strategy. Their operations are moving from centralize to decentralize in order to gain markets. In order to accomplish this, companies have gone through number of changes in terms of strategies, tactics, and operation with the goal of matching the market needs. There are multiple competitive performance objectives on which companies compete today like quality, price, responsiveness, flexibility, and dependability. To achieve these objectives an efficient supply chain required in which mass production is converted into mass customization. Mass customization has become a major objective of many Fortune 500 companies (Gunasekaran Ngai, 2005).The idea of mass customization is seen as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ability to use of flexible processes and organizational structures to produce varied and often individually customized products and services at the price of standardized, mass-produced alterna tivesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬- (Hart, 1996, p. 13). To-wards this end, firms have developed a build-to-order supply chain (BTOSC) to be flexible and responsive (Gunasekaran Ngai, 2005). Due to the increasing competition in todays market every company wants to have a competitive advantage over their competitors so that they can survive in the market and make profits. BOSC is a way of providing the customer the option of mass customization and maintain low inventory which helps the company provide a variety of products to its customers without incurring huge inventory holding cost. Build-to-order supply chain (BTOSC) means a demand-driven manufacturing approach, in which the products are planned and built against to a confirmed order received from a final customer or consumer. In this supply chain, it excludes the all intermediaries, like dealers, sales companies etc., between final customer and the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) (Parry Graves, 2008). The order placement system is very sophisticated, as it takes information from forecasting system and the received orders, and then directs the suppliers according to the product ordered. All parts are not scheduled as BTOSC, but the expensive parts would schedule using BTOSC. Research Question How do factors like organizational competitiveness, Information technology, Operations and Development and Implementation affect build-to-order supply chain in an organization? Literature Review Supply Chain Design There are four types of supply chain design:- Built-to-stock The BTS supply chain gives fastest response time to the customer. The product is manufactured before receiving any kind of order. Customers order is satisfied from the retail outlet or from the stocking point of that product (Blanco, 2002). The BTS supply chain is used for low-value products, which customers consume on daily basis, like Diet Cola, Ariel Detergent, etc. And customer values immediate response for such products, so such type of products is manufactured and supplied using BTS model. We agree that the price of such goods is low, but choice of selectivity is also low. There is no room for configuration in these products (Blanco, 2002). The customer has to buy what is on the shelf. The BTS model lacks flexibility in offering choices to consumer. Some of the critical components, like aircraft components are supplied using BTS supply chain (Reeve Srinivasan, 2005). Configure-to-order The product is assembled when order is received with standard modules and components, like desktop and laptop computers. The CTO supply chain initiates on the arrival of order, than assembly of product starts from components which have already been replenished in-to the inventory (Papadakis, 2003). In this model, the customer enjoys greater final-item choices. The automobile industry is another good example. The automobile manufacturers are implementing the initial stages of CTO model with the close cooperation with their distributors and dealers. The intention is to offer customers a combination of options than normally available at the dealers showroom (Miller Wacker, 2000). But still, the customer has to wait for the vehicle until it is assembled according to the specifications. The main issue with the CTO model is how promptly customers needs are satisfied, especially how much lead time they are able to reduce from assembly to the final delivery. The North American automobile in dustry is now targeting delivery of a custom-assembled car within a week of the order being placed, compared to the multi-week window in which it operates today (Willcox, 1998; Reeve Srinivasan, 2005). Build-to-order In the BTO supply chain, the fabrication and production process start on the customer or-der. The end-item produced under BTO model in highly customized and is quite costly to manufacture. The requirements for the BTO are sketched in usual material requirement planning (MRP) structure (Fredriksson Gadde, 2005). In this model, there has to be integrative relationship between supplier and manufacturer. Once all the requirements, of the received order, are in place, the production starts to meet the specific quantities and lead times. Because BTO follows a scheduled production period so MRP activities has to be very coherent. The whole BTO supply chain has to be very closely knitted, because any disruption in material flow could delays in the delivery. That is the reason the MRP chain has to be open to changes in purchase due dates, dispatch list and customer promises. This leads to variation in the capacity of overall supply chain (Reeve Srinivasan 2005). Engineering-to-order In ETO, the supply chain starts from the design phase. This model offers us a truly customized product that requires unique drawings and parts. These products are manufactured for very specific purposes, and are very expensive to develop (Gosling Naim, 2009). The product is custom in nature which takes long lead times to develop. For this reason, the MRP system comes in play to take care of components requirements in ETO. The ETO mostly recognizes as single-lot job shop environment where prototypical processes take place. The upstream planning is often complex and varied to downstream distribution system. The transportation of finish product is often done in single units (Reeve Srinivasan, 2005). The examples for ETO products are NASA space station, high-end customized saloon, sports car, etc. Build-to-order Supply Chain BTOSC is a fusion of leanness, agility and Just-in-Time (JIT). First, we will make connection between lean, agile and JIT approaches. Lean manufacturing was first introduced by Toyota, in their Toyota Production System (TPS), and JIT was part of TPS program, and even the TPS and JIT were used interchangeably back in 1980s (Hallgren Olhager, 2009). According to Narasimhan et al. (2006), we can say production is lean if it is achieved with least amount of waste, minimal inventory and efficient operations. Lean manufacturing is all about performing operations efficiently, with the help of JIT. Because JIT helps in eliminating inventory, and delivers components and parts when they needed in assembly process (Hallgren Olhager, 2009). While agile manufacturing is about efficiently changing in response to state of uncertainty and fluctuating demands (Narasimhan et al., 2006). Sharifi Zhang (2001) stress that agility not only as responding to the change environment in quick time but also exploiting those changes and taking them as opportunity to build ad-vantage in the market. Agile manufacturing also allows introducing new products into the system, with very short lead time (Sharifi Zhang, 2001). This encapsulates these three concepts for BTOSC, and shows that BTOSC is blend of lean, JIT and agile manufacturing approaches (Hallgren Olhager, 2009). In BTOSC, the customer triggers the supply chain by placing order. This manufacturing strategy is demand-driven, where the product is planned, built and pulled through the chain. The final customer by-passes the all intermediaries, like dealers, and directly place the order to the OEM. But OEM also has to build a platform where customers can contact and confirms his/her order. It also gives flexibility to the customers to change it specifications of the confirmed order (Parry Graves, 2008). But before that the OEM has to be responsive and flexible in its operations, to fully respond to the customers demands. Here in BTOSC, its not only OEM who has to be flexible and responsive in their operations but suppliers should be totally complying with the standards of the OEM, so that they respond efficiently to customer orders. Some suppliers work closely with the OEM, where other produce parts following build-to-stock (BTS) production approach. The suppliers follow BTS produce parts like t yres, windscreen wipers and non-expensive items. Where the sup-pliers who work in close proximity with OEM provide expensive modules like engines, transmission, exhaust system, interior items etc., because such items have different variants, from where customer can choose. And that is why these suppliers follow BTOSC production approach (Parry Graves, 2008; Gunasekaran Ngai, 2005). The global arena is changing due to severe competition between companies which is forcing them to revisit their operational strategies to secure market share and improve their profit margins (Gunasekaran Ngai, 2005). Particularly, BTOSC market, which is driven by mass customization and e-commerce, are putting pressure on manufacturers and retailers to shrink planning cycles, compress manufacturing lead times, and speedy distribution system (Tyan et al., 2003). Advantages Provides a level of responsiveness, cost effectiveness, and flexibility that enables companies to deliver the products that customers have chosen at the time they requested it. BOSC results in substantial cost advantages by eliminating the inventory, forecasting, expediting, and setup required to customize products or services. BOSC helps companies utilize people, machinery, and floor space more efficiently BOSC allows a manufacturer to react on time with the market and even shape the behaviour of the market. BOSC can be utilized to manufacture a low volume of products of a pre-determined high variety using a cluster of components. Disadvantages Order-processing is time consuming and costly Multiple revisions of specifications are required Delivery dates are often not met Last-minute changes take up an increasing portion of resources Production plans are often inaccurate and over-ruled Global operations create issues such as exchange rate, political stability etc. Difference between Traditional Supply Chain Management (TSCM) BOTSC Traditional Supply Chain Built to order Supply chain Marketing Push-Sell from stock Pull-build to customer order Production Fixed order line-up Customer demand focussed Logistics Mass Approach Fast, reliable, Customized Consumer Relationship Dealer Owned Shared across the extended enterprise Managing Uncertainty Finished goods inventory buffers Strategic part buffers and information management Finished Goods Inventory High Stock Control Low, condensed dealer stock levels Suppliers Long Lead Time Collaborative/ Responsive BOSC and Organizational Competitiveness While developing BOSC, it is very important to study the factors that force the company to implement BOSC supply chain. For example, Dell uses Internet as a medium for placing order and hence successful implementation of mass customization delivery products to its customers. Therefore, factors external to an organization such as economic scenario, inflation, currency fluctuation, industries policies and so forth influence the strategies of a business organization and these factors should be taken into account when developing strategies for BOSC. Economic factors Many a times, companies fail to achieve their goals because of poor strategic planning, So, it is very important for a company to be a visionary and keeping in mind the changing global environment plan its strategy or align its strategies according to the market situation and develop long term strategies. For instance, interest and currency exchanges have an impact on the economy and that in turn affects the buying capability of an individual, there is a speculation in the market and the people tend to spend less money as a result the demand decreases. People tend to buy good or commodities that very important for their living. At present we can see, the market is fluctuating, in the past few months rupee had a downfall and the companies that import products had to pay more to their foreign counterparts. When people have less money to buy goods and go for standardized products then the company can alter their supply chain accordingly. Considering the agile characteristics of the economy, a more agile organization such as BOSC would be more suitable in helping a company compete not only in terms of service quality, but also in terms of the timely fulfillment of orders. It is seen that in order to be successful the company needs to fulfill the customer requirements and provide them something better than their competitor at a reasonable price. As we all know China is a manufacturing giant which provides products at the cheapest price but the quality is also very poor. So a section of Indian society buys China products because they cant afford other company products or they buy products that are use and throw. The economic depression, stock market crash, dot.com bubble all these major global events affected the business in a big way and forced the companies to revisit their strategies and align them according to the market requirement, BOSC was an outcome of such an organizational change to meet the changing market dynamics. This indicates that when developing a companys strategies, external factors should be given very close attention, including the issue of developing BOSC. Without the support of the environment, pursuing BOSC could prove to threaten the very survival of a company. Market Forces Market forces include the nature of the market, market growth, globalization, customer demand, regulation, product/market innovation, technology and its spread, business risk, and the economy. Porters 5 forces model barriers to entry, the threat of substitution, the bargaining power of buyers, the bargaining power of suppliers, and rivalry among firms helps evaluate an industry whether it is profitable to enter that particular industry or not. When taking decisions regarding BOSC above factors should be taken into consideration also, the characteristics of BOSC are defined by the product portfolio, number of suppliers, information technology and automation. The generic marketing strategy options of low cost, differentiation, and focus remain the dominant strategy decision models. According to the market demand and changing market and technology requirements on the customer it is very important to strike a balance between the product variety and the production costs. Now days, the manufacturing firms are focussing a lot more to optimize their manufacturing process like six sigma, Kan Ban, Lean manufacturing, Total Quality Control, hence BOSC is one of them which helps them provide a variety of products, less inventory cost, good quality and minimum lead time. Market forces influence the infrastructure of BOSC in terms of strategic alliances, partnerships, customer relationship management, information technology and systems, performance measures and metrics. Competitive Factors Competitive forces include customers, suppliers, rivals, new entrants, and substitutes. Dell Computers was one of the first companies to implement BOSC in its system. Michael Dell started with the motive of mass customization only. His objective was to provide computers according to their requirement and latter on that model became such a success that it was adopted by giants like HP, Compaq and Gateway. BOSC gave the competitive advantage that to bring in the latest technology first because it dint have any inventory. As soon as a new technology was launched it was incorporated by Dell which gave them a competitive advantage. Global competition, advancements in technology, industry deregulation, and rising customer expectations are only a few factors that are placing unprecedented demands on business enterprises (Papazoglou et al., 2000). More research is required on the implications of factors external to the organization on the performance of BOSC in terms of costs, benefits, and customer service. The following are the major factors of competitive success: innovation, new products, cost, quality, speed, and the ability to attract customers (Kraemer and Dedrick, 2002). These factors are to be embedded in BOSC in various forms with the ultimate objective of meeting the requirements of individual customers on time and in a cost-effective manner. Developing and Implementing BOSC Developing and implementing BOSC includes designing products and coming up with a procurement process, developing partnerships and a virtual supply chain, and managing logistics. This is an important area in which numerous medium to long-term decisions are made, and their impact on the performance of BOSC is significant. Design and Procurement In BOSC, the production system needs to be flexible and responsive enough to meet the requirements of an individual. Reducing the time in product design, efficient procuring of raw material are important issues to be dealt with to meet the requirements of customers and be responsive. Efficient procuring of raw material is only possible when the organization has a good supplier relationship and their support helps to operated nearly on no work in progress inventory. Strategies like BOSC can be well implemented if both the supplier and the organization have a good IT infrastructure or our linked through ERP like SAP or e-procurement software. It makes the conversation between the company and its peers very simple and efficient and procurement becomes a simple exercise. When an organization deals in products of high variety like in any automobile industry, demand forecasting and inventory management and meet customer requirements becomes a very difficult task, in these industries BOSC management should be the best alternative to survive in the market and make profits. Development of partnerships and supplies It is important to develop partnerships on an OEMs core competency in order to develop BOSC. For example, in automobile industry, organization has suppliers for different parts required to manufacture a car. So the organization outsources the delivery of the parts to the suppliers which are the best in that business. So, the company doesnt have to compromise on quality. Logistics Logistics involves transportation, consolidation and warehousing. Now days, the companies extensively utilize third party logistics (3PL) and fourth party logistics (4PL) which include companies like FedEx, Blue Dart ,UPS, DHL etc. 3PL is the management of logistic services beyond transportation. This might include storage, shipment and value-added services as well as the use of subcontractors. 4PL is the integration of all companies involved along the supply chain. 4PL is the planning, steering, and controlling of all logistic procedures (including flows of information, material, and capital) by one service provider with long-term strategic objectives. UPS World Wide Logistics employed a 4PL business model. Implementation Implementation involves putting the plan for BOSC into action. BOSC needs to be constructed based on the design and procurement of products and plans to establish partnerships, a virtual supply chain, and logistics. This requires the setting up of an implementation team, a time scale for the project, and evaluating the performance of the process of implementing BOSC. BOSC and Operations Planning/Forecasting In recent years, companies have started recognizing the trade-off between the variety of products and supply chain performance, more the variety of products the more it is difficult to forecast the demand trend in the market and on that basis carry out the production plan of the organization. Organizations have started doing modern forecasting techniques to meet the demand of the customers and have a production plan to meet that demand. When the forecasting or the demand pattern is received from the sales and marketing department to the manufacturing department, the planning is done on that basis. A Master Planning Schedule is prepared follows that is the Bill of material which lists downs the raw material required for the production. The other factor that may alter the forecasting is the bullwhip effect. If there is one manufacturer and one supplier then the bullwhip effect can be ruled out but that is practically not possible. BOSC planning and execution involve managing partnering firms that are dispersed all over the globe. It is to be noted that the objective of partnering firms in BOSC should be incorporated in the planning. Although BOSC is based on customer orders, partnering firms or suppliers need to know the forecast of the demand for parts and components. A decision support system would enable strategic, tactical, and operational decision making in supply chains that will be helpful in BOSC. This can include a modelling infrastructure comprised of a library of carefully designed generic objects for modelling elements of BOSC and dynamic interactions among these elements (Biswas and Narahari, 2004). Although BOSC is a MTO system, there is a need for the aggregate forecasting of demand for the final products for 1-2 years. This information could be transmitted to suppliers to allow them to make available the required components and services at the right volume and at the right time. BOSC and Information Technology Internet, ERP and E-commerce Information technologies such as EDI, the Internet, the WWW, ERP, and RFID facilitate the integration of customers and suppliers or partnering firms along supply networks. Since suppliers or partnering firms are geographically dispersed, an effective communication system that is a real-time system is necessary. BOSC requires a system that can keep track of all orders and is well connected with supplier firms. Since most orders will be received online, high-speed Internet connectivity is required to allow customers to check products and place orders with complete confidence. Information managers are responsible for identifying a suitable ERP system, including developing an ecommerce enabled customer-order system to facilitate the exchange of customer requirements in real-time and also to communicate with suppliers on components and other support services such as logistics. Information system managers should work with other company managers to select a suitable ERP system and/or e-comm erce system based on their companys business model, which includes the integration of the OEMs system with those of partnering firms along the BOSC. The integration of the link between customers and suppliers is essential for BOSC. These can be achieved by suitably aligning the information system with the business model of BOSC. Research Methodology Sources of Primary Data Analysis of Primary Data Findings Conclusion

Myrdal On Wall Street :: Roger and Me Economics Essays

Myrdal On Wall Street Myrdal’s economic theory of circular and cumulative causation is depicted in the film Roger and Me. In Flint, Michigan, General Motors closes eleven factories, which causes over thirty thousand people to become unemployed. The company claims that they need to close the factories to â€Å"stay competitive.† The viewer sees the truth; they are greedy and will make money wherever they can, regardless of the people they may harm. Labor is much less expensive in Mexico, where GM only has to pay the workers $0.70 an hour. As a result, General Motors begins to close plants in Flint and move them to Mexico. Some people leave Flint to find work elsewhere and some remain, struggling to find new forms of employment. As more and more workers lose their jobs, poverty in Flint becomes more severe. Increasingly people are evicted from their homes, become ill, the violent crime rate in Flint becomes the highest in the country, and the general standard of living plummets for the poor. M ichael Moore describes their living conditions, â€Å"The rat population has now surpassed the human population.† Their environment worsens to the point where Money Magazine declares Flint the worst place to live in the country. The poor citizens in Flint live Myrdal’s circular and cumulative causation theory. In addition, the rich population of Flint prospers during this time of great poverty. The wealthy community of Flint spends their time at the ballet, golfing and relaxing at Grosse Point. When the jail becomes too full and another one is built there is a large party in which couples pay one hundred dollars to stay over night in one of the new cells. They didn’t seem to mind â€Å"celebrating American tragedy,† as Moore had said in another instance. At the end of the documentary, Michael Moore says, â€Å"The rich were richer, the poor, poorer and the people everywhere had a lot less lint thanks to the lint rollers in my town. It truly was a dawn of a new era.† Myrdal’s theory is also highlighted in the films, Wall Street and The Boiler Room. By not hiring women and creating a male dominated environment, the men progressively gain power, just like the rich getting richer in Roger and Me. The women do not have the same opportunities to earn money and power. Several factors contribute the portrayal of Mrydal’s theory of circular and cumulative causation.

Dune Essay -- essays research papers

Dune   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This book all started with the family Atreides landing on plant Arrakis, commonly known as Dune. The planet Dune was the centre of the universe due to its immense amounts of spice. This spice is greatly needed for all planets as fuel and for raw materials. The family Atreides were asked by Emperor himself to go and mine the spice on the planet. Their greatest enemy the Harkonnen's, were also on Dune. These two families mining the precious spice on the same plant would lead to great troubles and wars.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Soon after that, I was introduced to a very brave and insightful young man. The young man is Paul Atreides. Paul is medium height with short, black hair. His mother Jessica is a Bene Gesserit that means she knows the â€Å"weirding way.† This means Jessica is trained to kill and is also trained as a mind reader. She is very tall and beautiful and is always concerned with the actions of Paul, the future ruler of the galaxy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jessica's teacher, the Reverend Mother heard of Paul and thought that he might be the great leader that the prophets told of. The Reverend Mother came to Dune and tested Paul to see if this was so. Paul underwent great pain and suffering but passed the tests with the highest reverence. Duke Leto, Paul's father now came into the picture. He was the leader of the Atreides Family. He seemed very established and perceptive. The Atreides family represented good and honesty while their enemies, the Harkonnen's, were ruthless killers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Harkonnen home planet, Gedi Prime was very desolate and dark. It represented the immorality and darkness within the Harkonnens. Their leader Baron Vladimir Harkonnen was very obese and inhuman. He killed his own slaves for fun and hated the Atreides with a passion. He hated their peaceful and honest ways. Most of all he despised their coming to Dune. This Harkonnen leader appeared the typical tyrant leader. Vladimir Harkonnen's most trusted solider Feyd-Rautha was also like him except his physical appearance was that of ideal shape and form.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Back at the Atreides base more characters are introduced to me. They are Duncan Idaho who was the personal trainer for Paul Atreides, Dr. Yeuh who was a good friend of the Duke and later was found out to be a traitor, and Thufir... ... understand the characters and their emotions with more comprehension. There were many themes in ‘Dune' such as â€Å"you shall get your just deserves.† This means that what you have done to others shall be done back to you in full. The Harkonnens army combined with the Emperors attacked and beat the Atreides. Paul in turn strikes back with brute force that many have not seen throughout their existence. The Harkonnens and the Emperor were annihilated and Paul's vengeance was paid. I must say that this science fiction book did create a sense of reality meaning that this situation could happen in the future. A boy or girl born in the future who is destined to be the almighty ruler. He/she will guide us out of depression and into a new era of peace and prosperity. Their may be truth to this story and one day a fight between good and evil may come to reality. Dune is the typical `Good guys vs. Bad guys' theme. The Atreides are at war with the Harkonnens and the good always win (as you already know.) Although this plot is really used too much Frank Herbert did an excellent job to disguise this fact. He blended this into a great story line of action packed adventure and dreams of the future.

Sociology 101 Study Guide Exam 4

Deviance 1) defining deviance is difficult and subjective (sociologists don’t agree). 2) for our purpose deviance must A) violate significant norms. B) Result in negative evaluation for reaction. 1) Conflict theory. – stress that the power elite uses the legal system to control worker and to stabilize the social order, all with the goal of keeping itself in power. The poor pose a threat, for if they rebel as a group they can dislodge members of the power elite from their place of privilege. To prevent this, the power elite makes certain that heavy penalties come down on those who’s crimes could upset the social order. 2) Functional theory- Argue that crime is a natural part of society. Stress that the sociall classes differ in opportunities for income and education, so they differ in opportunities for crime. As a result, street crime is higher among the lower social classes and white-collar crime is higher among the higher social classes. The growing crime rates of women illustrate how changing gender roles have given women more access to what sociologist call â€Å"illegitimate opportunities. † 3) Social foundations- Labeling Theory-questions who applies what label to whom, why they do this, and what happens as a result of this labeling.The significance of reputations, how they help set us on paths that propel us into deviance or that diver us away from it. Anomie Theory-concept developed by Emile Durkheim to describe an absence of clear societal norms and values. In the concept of anomie individuals lack a sense of social regulation: people feel unguided in the choices they have to make.Differential Association-a theory developed by Edwin Sutherland proposing that through interaction with others, individuals learn the values, attitudes, techniques, and motives for criminal behavior (how people learn to become criminals).Crime 1). Elements – 2). Categories- Mental illness 1) Dr. Thomas Szasz – mental illness are neither mental nor illness. They are simply problem behaviors.2) Rosenhahn study-A study done proving â€Å"it is clear that we cannot distinguish th e sane from the insane in psychiatric labels might be a solution and recommended education to make psychiatric workers more aware of the social psychology of their facilities. In this study 8 â€Å"mentally healthy† people took hallucinations attempting to gain admission to 12 different psychiatric hospitals in five different states. All were admitted and diagnosed with psychiatric disorders.After admission they acted normal again and told staff they felt fine, all were forced to admit to having t a mental illness and agree to take antipsychotic drugs as a condition of their release. All but one was diagnosed with schizophrenia. The second part of his study involved an offended hospital challenging Rosenhan to send pseudopatients to its facility, which its staff would then detect. Rosenhan agreed and in the following weeks out of 193 new patients the staff identified 41 as potential pseudopatients, with 19 of these receiving suspicion from at least 1 psychiatrist and 1 other staff member.In fact Rosenhan had sent no one to the hospital Substance Abuse1) Types of drug use-2) Social policy-3) Conflict view-Individuals and groups in society struggle to maximize their share of the limited resources that exist and are desired by humans. Given that there are limited resources, the struggle inevitably leads to conflict and competition. These struggles can lead to changes in institutions and societies as different groups come into power. Social control- The techniques and strategies for preventing deviant human behavior in any society.1) Formal- Expressed though law as statues, rules and regulations against deviant behavior. Usually carried out by those in a position of power and/or authority such as a police officer, judge, or principal of a school.2) Informal- Denominates customs, traditions, norms and other social values inherited by the individual. Informal sanctions may include ridicule, sarcasm, criticism and disapproval. In extreme cases sanctions may in clude social discrimination and exclusion. Prejudice- An attitude or prejudging, usually in a negative way.Discrimination1) Individual- Treatment or consideration of, or making a distinction in favor of or against, a person based on the race, class, group, or category to which that person or thing belongs rather than on the individual.2) Institutional- The unfair, indirect treatment of an individual embedding in the operating procedures, policies, laws, or objectives of large organizations. Can occur without conscious cause, is often subtle and nearly invisible, reinforced by the interrelationship of social institutions.Example- jobs not hiring people under the height of 5’4† which eliminates most Mexicans and women, or in other countries women aren’t allowed to participate in some religious activities or government. Post-Industrial Society- Society based on information, services, and high technology, rather than on raw materials and manufacturing.Economic System s1) Capitalism-An economic system characterized by the private ownership of the means of production, the pursuit of profit, and market competition.2) Socialism-An economic system characterized b the public ownership of the means of production, central planning, and the distribution o goods without a profit motive. Genocide- The attempt to destroy a group of people because of their presumed race or ethnicity (ethnic cleansing). Minority-People who are singled out for unequal treatment and who regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination. Plessey vs Ferguson- Decision by the US Supreme Court that confirmed the principle of â€Å"separate but equal† and minority segregation.Brown vs Board of Education-This case took on segregation within school systems, or the separation of white and black students within public schools. Up until this case, many stats had laws establishing separate schools for white students and another for blacks. This landmark case made those laws unconstitutional. This case set the foundations for the civil rights movement. Exploitation Theory- occurs when one social group is able to take for itself what is produced by another group.The concept is central to the idea of social oppression, especially from a Marxist perspective, and can also include noneconomic forms, such as he sexual exploitation of women by men under patriarchy. Amalgamation-(melting pot) all groups should combine their traditions calues and characteristics with one another to create a new group. Assimilation-The loss of a subaltern group’s native language and culture under pressure to assimilate to those of a dominant cultural group.Contact Hypothesis-This is the principle that brings people together who are in conflict (or where one is bullying the other), the conflict will subside as they get to understand one another.Power1) Authority-Power that people consider legitimate, as rightly exercised over them; also called legitimate power.2) Tradition al-Those who exercise authority do so because they continue a tradition and support the preservation and continuation of existing values and social ties. For example Queen is Head of States in Britain, a position she inherited on the basis of traditional rules of succession for the monarchy.3) Rational Legal- Those in authority give orders (and expect to be obeyed) because the office they fill gives them the right to give orders. Anyone who fills the same position has the right to issue orders. Orders are only to be obeyed if they are relevant to the situation in which they are given. Example, a teacher orders â€Å"complete your homework by Thursday† the order is expected to be obeyed, but if the same teacher asked the student to go get her milk from the store, they wouldn’t be expected to obey.4) Charismatic-People obey because of the personal qualities of the person doing the telling. Well-known charismatic figures include Jesus Christ, Hitler, and Chairman Mao. How ever, charismatic figures may arise in any social grouping and such people assume positions of authority over others on the basis of personal qualities of leadership b other group members.5) Coercive-People forced to do as they are told under threat of punishment. For example a prison or a school classroom.6) Renumerative-Power rest on the material means provided by money or some other reward which the members desire and the organization controls. Government-Political authority; a group of people who have the power to make and enforce laws for a country or area.1) Monarchy-A state or nation in which the supreme power is actually or nominally lodged in monarch. The head of state is often for life or until abdication.2) Democracy-Have the consent of the people. The officials xercising power have legitimate authority because they have been elected, and the mechanism for changing the government is through peaceful and regular elections.3) Oligarchy-Political power effectively rest with a small, elitre segment of society. Greek for â€Å" few rule†4) Totalitarianism-The state regulates nearly every aspect of public and private behavior.5) Dictatorship-A government headed by a dictator or more generally any authoritarian or totalitarian government. Power Elite-C. Wright Mill’s term for the top people in U. S. corporations, military, and political who make the nation’s major decisions. Types of Work-

Gender Roles Defined

All the Pretty Horses would be widely considered a fairly typical western in the traditional sense. There are many of the common western tropes that exist explicitly and implicitly within the novel. While much of the idealistic â€Å"western† characteristics appear in a blatant manner, the novel is laced with incidents and dialogue of seemingly little consequence or significance at first glance. There are many occurrences which are overlooked in the story that represent and support a common and major idea that is stated in a more major or explicit form at other times.The role of gender is one such idea. In the early stages of the novel, the conflict which sets the entire story in motion takes place as Cole's mother has decided to sell the ranch now that his grandfather has died. Cole is distraught over this as the ranch is his desired lot in life. He attempts to talk to the familys attorney after attempts at persuasion with his mother fail only to reach similar end. The reason ing the attorney postulates for his mother's decision is a minute detail of the scene but brings about an interesting and otentially underlying idea throughout the story.His rationalizes her motives on the basis that, â€Å"she's a young woman and my guess is that she's like to have a little more social life than what she's used to† (McCarthy 17). This determination does not come off as explicitly Judgmental but simply a plausibly suggestion for her actions. Upon closer examination however, it proves to be more meaningful. The attorney is asserting Cole's mother's social life as a legitimate reason for her to forfeit the ranch her father had built from the ground up and worked so hard for.There is no such concern mentioned for the sixteen year old John Grady whom is interested in not only keeping the ranch, but running it himself. The adolescent stage of life in generally considered the pinnacle of social importance in society as adult relationships begin to form and develop. This is a very biased Judgment on the attorneys part based on a very glaring difference between Cole and his mother which is their gender. Mrs. Cole's social obligations appear to him as a legitimate reason for her to back out of the hard work, and presumably things considered â€Å"man's work† ecessary to run the ranch which she had inherited.It appears through his acceptance about Cole's mother and her decision, reaction to Cole's request, and lack of concern for his social needs that the attorney is convinced of his mother's inability to run the ranch without much displeasure because of her gender inferiority. There is no question of the ability and willingness to struggle by both Cole and his grandfather but there is a quick dismissal of the lack of drive and ambition to keep the ranch by the female entity.Such a characteristic of women as playing an inferior role to males is shown elsewhere in the novel. Examples of this ideal being maintained in the story came also in more explicit form. One such an example is in an exchange between Rawlins and Blevins as they discuss the riding skills of Cole. Rawlins is fishing for a positive response from Blevins to support his highly held esteem of Cole so asks he poses a clearly untrue and negative statement that, † suppose I was to tell you he's never been on a horse a girl couldn't ride† (McCarthy 8).This assertion is intended to draw a clear reaction to me being false due to the absurdi ty ot a male, let alone the Jonn Grady Cole, be ot a lesser ability ot riding a horse than a female. The reference to the female gender inferiority in that statement is understood by Blevins despite not being in close relations previously with Rawlins which shows an encompassing ideal that women are inferior to men. The male superiority trope surfaces again later in the novel as Rawlins and Cole come across the ranch which they work for. Rawlins observes the use of female horses as work horses and is surprised by such an act. Well†¦ I can see why theyre hard on a horse. Putting up with them bitches† (McCarthy 102). Rawlins is suggesting by his surprise in the use of female horses to perform work as opposed to males that the females are incapable, whatever the species, of performing the tasks and duties that are expected of and within the ability of a male. Along with their inadequacy he also sympathizes with the ranchers having to deal with the less desirable temperament of he females and promotes the subsequent assertion of physical dominance over the animals do to their supposed inferior gender.Such dominance would be easy to gain due to the lack of supposed equality between rider and horse as the riders are male and therefore more capable according to the ideology. Gender inadequacy is even given as verbally explicit presence in the eyes of the novel as possible when Alfonsa. Her concern for the relationship between Alejandra and Cole rests in the unfair but concrete views o f society on the morals of women compared to that of men â€Å"There is o forgiveness. For women. A man may lose his honor and regain it again. But a woman cannot. She cannot† (McCarthy 137).Alfonsa's extremely blunt but realistic views on how people perceive and forgive actions committed by men and women paints a black and white picture of the glaring inadequacy the novel's ideals carry for gender. Essentially she is saying that males lay above reproach or at least may atone for their sins or supposed sins but females are held to a much harsher standard with a greater punishment in that they cannot regain the positive image society has nitially placed upon them no matter what action that take to rectify simply because of their sex alone.The implicit and roundabout assertion of the attorney to Cole lay the foundation for a very prominent ideal of the story. Female inferiority to males is illustrated explicitly and has no bounds in terms of the realm of inadequacy or even the species as it appears to be universal. Such flaws of women can't even be atoned for in the eyes of the story as forgiveness is only available to those fortunate enough to be seen in society as forgivable because of their superiority.

Difference between Capital and Revenue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Difference between Capital and Revenue - Essay Example For instance, revenue can be funds that go towards staffing, utilities, daily supply, or purchases of services for external providers. In financial accounting these costs are referred to as revenue expenditures. These sorts of expenditures can be contrasted with capital. Capital, while physically constituting the organizations’ operating funds just like revenue, is spending that goes towards long-term assets. One recognizes that just like revenue expenditures, capital expenditures can constitute a variety of things. The main understanding that differentiates revenue expenditures from capital expenditures, however, is that capital expenditures are things that will last or have a shelf life for a number of years (‘What is a capital expenditure versus a revenue expenditure’ 2010). For a technology company, capital expenditures could constitute everything from buildings to expensive information technology platforms. For an oil company such as EXXON, capital expenditur es would be deep-water oilrigs, pipelines, or other such long-term

Genetic Engineering and Conservation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Genetic Engineering and Conservation - Essay Example Today, most species face stress factors ranging from global warming, habitat destruction to conflicts and poaching leading to the great reduction in numbers of some species. Conservationists are seeking the help of modern science for designing interventions to control these losses. Genetic engineering is the science of altering one's gene by introduction of a foreign gene for beneficial purposes such as adaptation. Genetic engineering has already contributed to the growth of the agricultural sector making the Genetically modified seed sector alone worth $ 15 million (Thomas et al,2013). However, genetic engineering is not considered a modern strategy since it was used even decades back to make plants more tolerant to certain conditions such as temperature and pest attack, thereby making the genetic tool a reliable tool. Genetic engineering could be used to introduce lost genetic diversity among a threatened population to enable stabilization. For example, in Florida, the population of Florida Panther increase by 100% after members of another closely related species-Puma concolor stanleyana was introduced which worked by decreasing inbreeding (Thomas.et al,2013). Genetic engineering would play an important part in refining this methodology. Another way in which genetic engineering could aid conservation is by recognizing certain beneficial genes and introducing them into vulnerable species. Aquaculture researchers recognized an allele in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) that made them withstand high heat. These genes could be introduced through modern tools into the genomes of fish eggs to make them more tolerant of changing conditions.